As a person ages their nutritional needs change. Metabolism tends to slow and the body systems change which require the elderly population to keep a sharp eye on their nutritional choices. Appetites decrease and many times an elderly individual eats alone making processed meals an easier choice than cooking for one.
A diet that is rich in nutrients such as vitamin B12 and B6 will ensure the elderly person does not suffer from neurological changes such as confusion and loss of memory. Foods that are softer, easier to swallow and digest are important as stomach acid amounts are decreased as well as gastric mobility. Constipation is a common occurrence in the elderly individual.
Taste buds become desensitized as a normal part of the aging process. This is a problem because it makes the elderly person want foods that are saltier or spicier. Salty foods can lead to water retention and increased blood pressure and spicy foods can lead to an increased production of gas which can cause heartburn. The elderly person needs a diet that is high in flavor but low in sodium and spicy food. Also, calcium requirements increase with age as bones tend to become less dense. Find ways to add foods that are rich in calcium as well.